Genocide in iraq the anfal campaign against the kurds pdf

During the first anfal campaign no prisoners were made by the iraqi army. The kurdish genocide in iraq international campaign. A critical guide to the iraqi high tribunals anfal judgement. Arabic language, a campaign against kurdistan in northern iraq, led by ali hassan almajid in the final stages of the iraniraq war. During the second anfal from 22 march and 2 april 1988 the region qara dag, southwest of the city suleimanya, was targeted. Turkey was becoming overpopulated, and turkey was having trouble compensating for the onslaught of people. The kurds revolted against these atrocities by the iraqi regime in 1991.

Learn about the kurdish genocide the kurdish project. Many fugitives were detained by the iraqi forces, and the men were separated from the women. The anfal genocide was the kurdish genocide that killed between 50,000 and 182,000 kurds committed during the alanfal campaign harakat alanfalhomleh alanfal kurdish language. Saddam hussein, based on a policy of extermination targeting. The fifth, sixth, seventh stages of the anfal campaign started in shaqlawa and rewandiz districts. Iraqi court to give verdict in anfal genocide trial reuters. The eighth stage of anfal campaign started in the badinan district 1 human rights watch. In 1988 the iraqi army attacked and killed kurds within the northern region of iraq and destroyed many villages. We intend it to be a place where people are forced to face the genocide in iraq against the kurds, and we will use the granite blocks to display. The killings occurred between february and september 1988. One mans story of saddams anfal campaign against the kurds. Curators statement a memorial to the kurdish genocide of 1988. Iraq s crime of genocide offers a detailed, sober, and watertight case against the baghdad regime by reconstructing the history of the anfal campaign and placing it in the context of iraqi politics. The alanfal campaign was supposedly part of iraqs struggle against proiran kurds, but it actually killed thousands of innocent kurdish civilians.

An iraqi court will deliver its verdict on sunday for six former highranking officials during saddam husseins rule accused of leading a military campaign against ethnic kurds in. Saddam codefendants deny anfal genocide world news. The kurds are the first ones who build the first settlement. This report is a narrative account of a campaign of extermination against the kurds of northern iraq. It was committed during the alanfal campaign harakat alanfalhomleh alanfal kurdish. This was a genocidal campaign that was followed by a series of systematic attacks against the kurdish population and their means of livelihood villages, agriculture, infrastructures, roads, etc. The kurds were in this land for few thousand years. The kurds of iraq have also engaged in a struggle against their government. It is the product of over a year and a half of research, during which a team of. The campaign was the culmination of the efforts of the iraqi regime to quell the. Central to the atrocities that were perpetrated against iraqi kurds was the anfal campaign.

May 18, 2018 the anfal genocide were atrocities committed against kurdish civilians by the iraqi government between 1986 and 1989. This article explores genocide recognition politics grp with a specific focus on saddam husseins anfal campaign 1988 against the kurdish population in the kurdistan region of iraq kri. We have chosen to construct our memorial in a park in new york city. Jul 19, 2015 the kurds revolted against these atrocities by the iraqi regime in 1991. The prosecution witness and documentary evidence phases of the. This book incorporates the earlier human rights watch reports, genocide in iraq. Genocide in iraq the anfal campaign against the kurds. All those associated with this exemplary project, including peter galbraith and kanan makiya, deserve the gratitude of a saddened humanity. The culmination of iraqi operations against the kurds occurred between 1987 and 1988, and specifically during the anfal campaign carried out between february and september 1988. Campaign against the kurds the campaign earned ali hassan majid the sobriquet chemical ali human rights researchers say the 1988 iraqi military operations known as al anfal the spoils was part of a campaign of genocide by the central government in baghdad against the mainly kurdish population of northern iraq. The iraqi military adopted the name anfal in 1988 for its genocidal campaign against the kurds in northern iraq.

Indeed, in the 1990s, human rights watch unsuccessfully urged states to bring iraq before the international court of justice for breach of the genocide convention. If anfal a 1988 iraqi military campaign that involved the rounding up of all civilians found in the kurdish countryside, their deportation via transit camps to execution sites far from their homes, and the systematic murder of 7080,000 men, women and children was a mass atrocity indeed, a genocide in part, the iraqi regime. The kurdish genocide in iraq alanfal campaign video. The 1988 anfal campaign in iraqi kurdistan sciences po. Baghdad launched about 40 gas attacks against iraqi kurdish targets in 198788, with thousands killed. Its denying the basic things that human right would want. The anfal trial of saddam hussein, his cousin ali hassan almajid, and five other codefendants began on 21 august 2006. April 23, 20 slemani, kurdistan region iraq, amin samins 10yearold son was tending the familys sheep on a spring day in 1988, when saddam husseins forces launched their genocidal anfal campaign against iraqs kurds. Iraq kurds press states to recognise genocide iran al. The anfal campaign, in which troops swept across parts of northern iraq destroying villages, ran between 1987 and 1988 and coincided with. Iraq genocide resources prevent genocide international. Saddam systematically killed more than 100,000 iraqi kurds in the alanfal the spoils of war campaign, which lasted from february to september 1988, towards the. During six months in 1988, tens of thousands of kurds, the vast majority civilians, died during an iraqi counterinsurgency campaign codenamed the anfal. Saddams cousin ali hassan almajid, was his second in command and headed the campaign of genocide against the kurdish people in iraq.

Saddam codefendants deny anfal genocide world news the. Iraq kurds press states to recognise genocide iran al jazeera. Turkey turkey wanted to stop the genocide because hundreds of thousands of kurds fled to turkey. Relying on this and other evidence, judges in the anfal trial chamber explained fairly persuasively how genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes were committed against the iraqi kurds. Iraqs 1988 campaign of extermination against the kurds living within its borders resulted in the death of at least 50,000 and possibly as many as 100,000 people, many of them women and children. The other seven maps show the settings of the individual anfal campaigns. About 100,000 kurds kurdish estimates range up to 180,000 perished in anfal. On march 18, 1987 iraqi president saddam hussein replaced the existing governor of kirkuk with ali hassan almajid, who was tasked with overseeing a campaign to. Jun, 20 if anfal a 1988 iraqi military campaign that involved the rounding up of all civilians found in the kurdish countryside, their deportation via transit camps to execution sites far from their homes, and the systematic murder of 7080,000 men, women and children was a mass atrocity indeed, a genocide in part, the iraqi regime. Pdf the anfal campaign was a series of attacks conducted by the iraqi army against the kurdish people in northern iraq. That the house of representatives 1 deplores the campaign of genocide that was launched against the kurdish people in iraq. They were having trouble giving the kurds basic human.

Anfal campaign against the kurds in iraq genocide memorial. The anfal campaign against the kurds 1993, human rights watch. The iraqi regime was used to adopt old arabic islamic names for its wars, battles or other related subjects. Iraqi kurds during the anfal and halabja military campaigns in. For a bibliographical survey of publications on these events see my genocide of the kurds in. Human rights watch middle east, iraqs crime of genocide.

Facts about the kurdish genocide a knowledge archive. Campaign against the kurds the campaign earned ali hassan majid the sobriquet chemical ali human rights researchers say the 1988 iraqi military operations known as alanfal the spoils was part of a campaign of genocide by the central government in baghdad against the mainly kurdish population of northern iraq. Its changing the culture and the way that the kurds live. The iraqi states genocide against the kurdsshort f. Introduction the kurdish genocide was mounted between february and september 1988 on the winding up of the iran iraq war. It is also the name given by the iraqis to a series of military actions that lasted from february 23 until september 6, 1988.

The 1988 anfal campaign in iraqi kurdistan sciences po mass. This article explores genocide recognition politics grp with a specific focus on saddam husseins anfal campaign 1988 against the kurdish population in. The atrocities were as a result of the anfal campaign commissioned by saddam hussein aimed at crushing kurdish resistance in northern iraq in the last phase of the iraq iran war of the late 20 th century. Genocide in iraq the anfal campaign against the kurds hrw. Since then samin, who is now 82 and bedridden, has only seen his son in dreams.

Alanfal campaign 1986 1989 the alanfal campaign arabic. The most enduring images of atrocities against the kurds took place in iraq, where saddam hussein planned a genocidal campaign against them. Relying in part on previously unpublished iraqi government documents captured by kurdish rebels during the gulf war, genocide in iraq. Saddam husseins persecution of the kurds usf library. Whereas recognition of the campaign of genocide against the iraqi kurds by the united states government will send to the world a message of support for human rights. Watch concluded that the 1988 anfal campaign amounted to an extermination campaign against the kurds of iraq, resulting in the deaths of at least 50,000 and perhaps as many as 100,000 persons, many of them women and children. The anfal campaign was a series of attacks conducted by the iraqi army against the kurdish people in northern iraq. Search below to view digital records and find material that you can access at our library and at the shapell center. Sep 16, 2015 the culmination of iraqi operations against the kurds occurred between 1987 and 1988, and specifically during the anfal campaign carried out between february and september 1988. This book from human rights watch investigates the socalled anfal campaign and concludes that this campaign constituted genocide against the kurds.

Human rights watch middle east, iraq s crime of genocide. As iraqi government troops fell back in the face of advancing allied troops and kurdish peshmerga fighters, returning along with civilian refugees from the turkish. Iraqs crime of genocide offers a detailed, sober, and watertight case against the baghdad regime by reconstructing the history of the anfal campaign and placing it in the context of iraqi politics. Saddam husseins persecution against the kurds is too much. These documents comprising eyewitness accounts, forensic details and more helped in the reconstruction of the entire anfal campaign.

Kurdish genocide in alanfal campaign during the iraniraq war in the 1980s, the iranians provided support to the kurdish guerilla forces in their battle for independence in northern iraq and to open another front to divide iraqi military operations. The 1988 anfal campaign in iraqi kurdistan sciences po violence. During the anfal campaign, iraqi forces attached rural kurds, burned kurdish villages, and even used chemical weapons. The al anfal campaign was supposedly part of iraq s struggle against proiran kurds, but it actually killed thousands of innocent kurdish civilians. The kurds as parties to and victims of conflicts in iraq icrc. Genocide in iraq shows that the kurdish victims were targeted on the basis.

This uprising led the kurdish rebels to seize about four million secret documents about 18 metric tonnes of the iraqi army in the region. The museums collections document the fate of holocaust victims, survivors, rescuers, liberators, and others through artifacts, documents, photos, films, books, personal stories, and more. A critical guide to the iraqi high tribunals anfal. A narrative account of the iraqi governments organized attempt to eradicate the kurds living in northern iraq, this report captures in riveting detail the multiple phases of the anfal campaign. Saddam systematically killed more than 100,000 iraqi kurds in the al anfal the spoils of war campaign, which lasted from february to september 1988, towards the end of saddams war against. Genocide, meaning any number of specified acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial or religious group as such. Introduction the kurdish genocide was mounted between february and september 1988 on the winding up of the iraniraq war. The low point came under saddam hussein when the iraqi government engaged in outright genocide against parts of the kurdish population. In the name of god, the merciful, the compassionate. Iraq continued using poison gas against the kurds, and thousand more of the kurds died. The genocide took place in iraq, and was planned by saddam hussein, the iraqi dictator. Jun 23, 2007 an iraqi court will deliver its verdict on sunday for six former highranking officials during saddam husseins rule accused of leading a military campaign against ethnic kurds in the 1980s that. The venerable chief and leader, the honorable saddam hussein may god protect him. The anfal campaign against the kurds 1993 and bureaucracy of repression.